📘 DATA ANALYTICS SERIES · CHAPTER 61
Data Analytics for Digital Marketing — India 2026
Key metrics (CAC, ROAS, LTV, CTR), marketing attribution models, funnel and cohort analysis, Google Analytics 4 basics, SQL for campaign data, and how to build a marketing performance dashboard in Power BI — for Indian data analysts working with growth and marketing teams.
Why Marketing Analytics Is a Key Domain for Indian Analysts
India's digital advertising market crossed ₹35,000 crore in 2025 and continues to grow at 15–20% annually. E-commerce, edtech, fintech, and D2C brands collectively run thousands of campaigns simultaneously across Meta, Google, OTT platforms, and influencer channels. Every rupee spent needs to be tracked, attributed, and optimised.
Data analysts who understand marketing metrics and can connect ad spend data to revenue outcomes are in high demand across Indian startups and growth-stage companies in Gurugram, Noida, Bengaluru, and Mumbai.
Core Marketing Metrics Every Analyst Must Know
| Metric | Formula | Good benchmark (India) | What it tells you |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAC | Total spend / New customers | LTV / 3 or better | How much you pay to acquire one customer — by channel |
| ROAS | Revenue from ads / Ad spend | 3× or higher | How much revenue each rupee of ad spend generates |
| LTV | ARPU / Monthly churn rate | Depends on business | Total value of a customer over their lifetime |
| CTR | Clicks / Impressions × 100 | 1–3% (display); 3–8% (search) | How compelling your ad creative or copy is |
| CVR | Conversions / Sessions × 100 | 1–4% (e-commerce India) | How well your landing page turns visitors into buyers |
| CPA | Ad spend / Conversions | Below your LTV / 3 | Cost to get one conversion (purchase, signup, install) |
| Bounce Rate | Single-page sessions / Total sessions | Below 60% | How relevant the landing page is to ad audiences |
| ROMI | (Revenue − Cost) / Cost × 100 | Above 100% to be profitable | Total return on marketing investment |
Marketing Attribution Models — Which to Use and When
Attribution answers: "which marketing touchpoints deserve credit for this conversion?" The model you choose changes how you allocate budget — which is why marketing managers and analysts often disagree.
Funnel Analysis — SQL Pattern for Indian E-Commerce
Funnel analysis measures drop-off at each step of the customer journey. For Indian e-commerce, the typical funnel is: Visit → Product View → Add to Cart → Checkout → Payment → Order Confirmed.
-- Marketing funnel analysis by acquisition channel
WITH funnel AS (
SELECT
user_id,
acquisition_channel,
MAX(CASE WHEN event_name = 'product_view' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS product_viewed,
MAX(CASE WHEN event_name = 'add_to_cart' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS cart_added,
MAX(CASE WHEN event_name = 'checkout_start' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS checkout_started,
MAX(CASE WHEN event_name = 'payment_success' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS purchased
FROM events
WHERE event_date >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '30 days'
GROUP BY user_id, acquisition_channel
)
SELECT
acquisition_channel,
COUNT(*) AS total_sessions,
SUM(product_viewed) AS product_views,
SUM(cart_added) AS cart_adds,
SUM(checkout_started) AS checkouts,
SUM(purchased) AS purchases,
ROUND(100.0 * SUM(purchased) / COUNT(*), 2) AS end_to_end_cvr_pct,
ROUND(100.0 * SUM(cart_added) / NULLIF(SUM(product_viewed), 0), 1) AS view_to_cart_pct
FROM funnel
GROUP BY acquisition_channel
ORDER BY purchases DESC;Cohort Analysis for Campaign Evaluation
Cohort analysis groups customers by when they were acquired and tracks their behaviour over time. Critical for evaluating whether different campaigns acquire customers who actually retain and repurchase.
-- 3-month retention cohort by acquisition month
WITH cohort_base AS (
SELECT
user_id,
DATE_TRUNC('month', first_order_date) AS cohort_month
FROM customers
),
activity AS (
SELECT
o.user_id,
DATE_TRUNC('month', o.order_date) AS activity_month
FROM orders o
)
SELECT
cb.cohort_month,
EXTRACT(MONTH FROM AGE(a.activity_month, cb.cohort_month)) AS months_since_first,
COUNT(DISTINCT a.user_id) AS active_users,
COUNT(DISTINCT cb.user_id) AS cohort_size,
ROUND(100.0 * COUNT(DISTINCT a.user_id)
/ COUNT(DISTINCT cb.user_id), 1) AS retention_pct
FROM cohort_base cb
LEFT JOIN activity a ON cb.user_id = a.user_id
AND a.activity_month >= cb.cohort_month
GROUP BY cb.cohort_month, months_since_first
ORDER BY cb.cohort_month, months_since_first;Marketing Dashboard in Power BI — What to Include
India-Specific Marketing Analytics Considerations
Frequently Asked Questions
What metrics does a data analyst track for digital marketing in India?
Key marketing metrics for Indian analysts: CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost — total spend / new customers), ROAS (Return on Ad Spend — revenue from ads / ad spend), CTR (Click-Through Rate — clicks / impressions), CVR (Conversion Rate — conversions / sessions), LTV (Lifetime Value — ARPU / churn rate), CPA (Cost Per Acquisition — spend / conversions), Bounce Rate, and D1/D7/D30 Retention. For Indian e-commerce, also track: UPI vs card payment mix, COD return rate, and metro vs tier-2/3 city conversion differences.
What is marketing attribution and why does it matter?
Attribution assigns credit for a conversion to the marketing touchpoints in the customer journey. A customer might see a Facebook ad, then a Google search ad, then click an email link before buying. First-touch attribution gives 100% credit to Facebook. Last-touch gives 100% to email. Linear splits equally. Data-driven attribution (used in GA4) weights each touchpoint by actual conversion contribution. Getting attribution right determines where Indian brands should increase or cut marketing spend.
How is Google Analytics 4 different from Universal Analytics?
GA4 is event-based (every interaction is an "event") versus UA's session-based model. Key differences for analysts: GA4 uses BigQuery export for deep analysis; UA used Tableau or custom exports. GA4 tracks users across devices via User ID; UA tracked sessions per device. GA4 has built-in predictive metrics (purchase probability, churn probability); UA did not. GA4 retains raw data in BigQuery indefinitely; the GA4 UI only shows 14 months.
How do you calculate Customer Acquisition Cost for an Indian startup?
CAC = Total marketing and sales spend in a period / New customers acquired in the same period. For Indian startups: include all paid channels (Meta, Google, influencer, affiliate), exclude brand spend if it cannot be attributed to direct acquisition. A healthy CAC:LTV ratio is 1:3 or better — if LTV is ₹3,000, your CAC should ideally be under ₹1,000. Track CAC by channel to identify which channel acquires customers most efficiently.
What SQL skills do you need for marketing analytics?
Marketing analytics SQL requirements: JOINs (joining campaign spend tables to conversion tables), GROUP BY aggregations (CAC by channel by week), window functions for cohort analysis (retention curves), CTEs for multi-step funnel calculations, and date functions for weekly/monthly aggregations. The most common marketing analytics query pattern is: join ad spend data → join sessions data → join conversion data → calculate CAC and ROAS per channel per time period.
Learn Marketing Analytics as Part of a Full Analyst Programme
Evika Academy, Noida Sector 51, covers SQL, Python, and Power BI in the context of real Indian business data — including marketing analytics use cases.
📱 Book Free Demo on WhatsApp